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  2. Machine code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_code

    Machine code is generally different from bytecode (also known as p-code), which is either executed by an interpreter or itself compiled into machine code for faster (direct) execution. An exception is when a processor is designed to use a particular bytecode directly as its machine code, such as is the case with Java processors.

  3. Assembly language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_language

    Assembly code is converted into executable machine code by a utility program referred to as an assembler. The term "assembler" is generally attributed to Wilkes , Wheeler and Gill in their 1951 book The Preparation of Programs for an Electronic Digital Computer , [9] who, however, used the term to mean "a program that assembles another program ...

  4. Low-level programming language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-level_programming_language

    Low-level programming language. A low-level programming language is a programming language that provides little or no abstraction from a computer's instruction set architecture —commands or functions in the language map that are structurally similar to processor's instructions. Generally, this refers to either machine code or assembly language.

  5. Bytecode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bytecode

    Bytecode (also called portable code or p-code [citation needed]) is a form of instruction set designed for efficient execution by a software interpreter.Unlike human-readable source code, bytecodes are compact numeric codes, constants, and references (normally numeric addresses) that encode the result of compiler parsing and performing semantic analysis of things like type, scope, and nesting ...

  6. Object code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_code

    In computing, object code or object module is the product of an assembler or compiler. [1] In a general sense object code is a sequence of statements or instructions in a computer language, [2] usually a machine code language (i.e., binary) or an intermediate language such as register transfer language (RTL). The term indicates that the code is ...

  7. Source code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code

    In computing, source code, or simply code or source, is text (usually plain text) that conforms to a human-readable programming language and specifies the behavior of a computer. A programmer writes code to produce a program that runs on a computer. Since a computer, at base, only understands machine code, source must be translated in order to ...

  8. History of programming languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_programming...

    The first functioning programming languages designed to communicate instructions to a computer were written in the early 1950s. John Mauchly 's Short Code, proposed in 1949, was one of the first high-level languages ever developed for an electronic computer. [8] Unlike machine code, Short Code statements represented mathematical expressions in ...

  9. Common Intermediate Language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Intermediate_Language

    The execution process looks like this: Source code is converted to CIL bytecode and a CLI assembly is created. Upon execution of a CIL assembly, its code is passed through the runtime's JIT compiler to generate native code. Ahead-of-time compilation may also be used, which eliminates this step, but at the cost of executable-file portability.