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e. In physics, electromagnetism is an interaction that occurs between particles with electric charge via electromagnetic fields. The electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. It is the dominant force in the interactions of atoms and molecules. Electromagnetism can be thought of as a combination of electrostatics and ...
Electromagnetic or magnetic induction is the production of an electromotive force (emf) across an electrical conductor in a changing magnetic field . Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of induction in 1831, and James Clerk Maxwell mathematically described it as Faraday's law of induction. Lenz's law describes the direction ...
Applications of electromagnets Industrial electromagnet lifting scrap iron, 1914. A portative electromagnet is one designed to just hold material in place; an example is a lifting magnet. A tractive electromagnet applies a force and moves something. Electromagnets are very widely used in electric and electromechanical devices, including:
The electromagnetic spectrum is the full range of electromagnetic radiation, organized by frequency or wavelength. The spectrum is divided into separate bands, with different names for the electromagnetic waves within each band. From low to high frequency these are: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and ...
Here is the list of some important graduate textbooks that discuss particular physical areas of electromagnetism. Barut AO, Electrodynamics and Classical Theory of Fields and Particles, Dover, 1980. [Note 11] [86] [87] Baylis WE, Electrodynamics: A Modern Geometric Approach, Birkhäuser, 1999. [88]
Computational electromagnetics ( CEM ), computational electrodynamics or electromagnetic modeling is the process of modeling the interaction of electromagnetic fields with physical objects and the environment using computers. It typically involves using computer programs to compute approximate solutions to Maxwell's equations to calculate ...
Electromagnetism is one of the fundamental forces of nature alongside gravity, the strong force and the weak force. Whereas gravity acts on all things that have mass, electromagnetism acts on all things that have electric charge. Furthermore, as there is the conservation of mass according to which mass cannot be created or destroyed, there is ...
Electric quantities Continuous charge distribution. The volume charge density ρ is the amount of charge per unit volume (cube), surface charge density σ is amount per unit surface area (circle) with outward unit normal n̂, d is the dipole moment between two point charges, the volume density of these is the polarization density P.