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Electromagnetic log. An Electromagnetic Log, sometimes called an "EM log", is an electronic sensor which measures the speed of a vessel through sea water. Like many other technologies, its name derives from the traditional chip log. It makes use of Faraday's law of induction by measuring the EMF induced in water moving through a magnetic field ...
A chip log consists of a wooden board attached to a line (the log-line ). The log-line has a number of knots at uniform intervals. The log-line is wound on a reel so the user can easily pay it out . Over time, log construction standardized. The shape is a quarter circle, or quadrant with a radius of 5 inches (130 mm) or 6 inches (150 mm), [1 ...
Echo sounding or depth sounding is the use of sonar for ranging, normally to determine the depth of water ( bathymetry ). It involves transmitting acoustic waves into water and recording the time interval between emission and return of a pulse; the resulting time of flight, along with knowledge of the speed of sound in water, allows determining ...
Use. For many applications of sonar the speed of sound can be assumed to be an average speed of 1500 meters per second. However, the speed of sound in seawater can vary from 1440 to 1570 meters per second. [1] An example of a sound velocity probe – the Teledyne Odom Digibar Pro. As the relationship of speed, time and distance are dependent ...
An acoustic doppler current profiler ( ADCP) is a hydroacoustic current meter similar to a sonar, used to measure water current velocities over a depth range using the Doppler effect of sound waves scattered back from particles within the water column. The term ADCP is a generic term for all acoustic current profilers, although the abbreviation ...
A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another. Usually a transducer converts a signal in one form of energy to a signal in another. Transducers are often employed at the boundaries of automation, measurement, and control systems, where electrical signals are converted to and from other physical quantities (energy, force, torque, light, motion, position, etc.).
The Air Motion Transformer ( AMT) is a type of electroacoustic transducer. Invented by Oskar Heil (1908–1994), it operates on a different transduction principle from other loudspeaker designs, such as moving coil, planar magnetic or electrostatically -driven loudspeakers, and should not be confused with planar or true ribbon loudspeakers.
The electroacoustic mechanism most widely used in speakers to convert the electric current to sound waves is the dynamic or electrodynamic driver, invented in 1925 by Edward W. Kellogg and Chester W. Rice, which creates sound with a coil of wire called a voice coil suspended between the poles of a magnet. There are others which are far less ...