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In mathematics and computer programming, the order of operations is a collection of rules that reflect conventions about which operations to perform first in order to evaluate a given mathematical expression . These rules are formalized with a ranking of the operations. The rank of an operation is called its precedence, and an operation with a ...
In mathematics, the logarithm is the inverse function to exponentiation. That means that the logarithm of a number x to the base b is the exponent to which b must be raised to produce x. For example, since 1000 = 103, the logarithm base of 1000 is 3, or log10 (1000) = 3.
Math library. In computer science, a math library (or maths library) is a component of a programming language 's standard library containing functions (or subroutines) for the most common mathematical functions, such as trigonometry and exponentiation. Bit-twiddling and control functionalities related to floating point numbers may also be ...
The elementary functions are constructed by composing arithmetic operations, the exponential function (), the natural logarithm (), trigonometric functions (,), and their inverses. The complexity of an elementary function is equivalent to that of its inverse, since all elementary functions are analytic and hence invertible by means of Newton's ...
Discrete logarithm. In mathematics, for given real numbers a and b, the logarithm log b a is a number x such that bx = a. Analogously, in any group G, powers bk can be defined for all integers k, and the discrete logarithm log b a is an integer k such that bk = a. In number theory, the more commonly used term is index: we can write x = ind r a ...
Iterated logarithm. In computer science, the iterated logarithm of , written log * (usually read " log star "), is the number of times the logarithm function must be iteratively applied before the result is less than or equal to . [1] The simplest formal definition is the result of this recurrence relation :
In mathematics, a transcendental function is an analytic function that does not satisfy a polynomial equation, in contrast to an algebraic function. [1] [2] In other words, a transcendental function "transcends" algebra in that it cannot be expressed algebraically using a finite amount of terms. Examples of transcendental functions include the ...
An order of magnitude is an approximation of the logarithm of a value relative to some contextually understood reference value, usually 10, interpreted as the base of the logarithm and the representative of values of magnitude one. Logarithmic distributions are common in nature and considering the order of magnitude of values sampled from such ...