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Regulation and licensure in engineering is established by various jurisdictions of the world to encourage life, public welfare, safety, well-being, then environment and other interests of the general public [1] and to define the licensure process through which an engineer becomes licensed to practice engineering and to provide professional services and products to the public.
In 2020, 97.7% of Indians had access to the basic water and sanitation facilities. [1] India faces challenges ranging from sourcing water for its megacities to its distribution network which is intermittent in rural areas with continuous distribution networks just beginning to emerge. Non-revenue water is a challenge.
Uniform Plumbing Code. Designated as an American National Standard, the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) is a model code developed by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO) to govern the installation and inspection of plumbing systems as a means of promoting the public's health, safety and welfare.
Great Bath, Mohenjo-daro A water well in Lothal Water reservoir, with steps, at Dholavira, Gujarat, India. The ancient Indus Valley Civilization in the Indian subcontinent (located in present-day eastern-Pakistan and north-India) was prominent in infrastructure, hydraulic engineering, and had many water supply and sanitation devices that are the first known examples of their kind.
An example of a water distribution system: a pumping station, a water tower, water mains, fire hydrants, and service lines [1] [2]. A water distribution system is a part of water supply network with components that carry potable water from a centralized treatment plant or wells to consumers to satisfy residential, commercial, industrial and fire fighting requirements.
Kerala, Mizoram, and Lakshadweep State/UT have a higher number of households having toilet facilities in both 2001 and 2011 in comparison to other states. Lakshadweep has the highest households having toilet facilities 89.2% in 2001, 97.8% in 2011, and 100% in 2017. Seven states viz. Bihar, Odisha, Assam, Goa, and Tripura are below the national ...
The Central Public Works Department (CPWD, Hindi: केंद्रीय लोक निर्माण विभाग) is a department under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs of India and is in charge of public sector works. It serves as the builder, developer and manager of Central government properties. With time, its area of ...
e. Occupational licensing, also called licensure, is a form of government regulation requiring a license to pursue a particular profession or vocation for compensation. It is related to occupational closure. Some claim higher public support [citation needed] for the licensing of professions whose activities could be a health or safety threat to ...