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Python 2.7+ also supports set comprehensions and dictionary comprehensions. First-class functions. In Python, functions are first-class objects that can be created and passed around dynamically. Python's limited support for anonymous functions is the lambda construct. An example is the anonymous function which squares its input, called with the ...
Richard Rusczyk ( / ˈrʌsɪk /; Polish: [ˈrustʂɨk]; born September 21, 1971) is the founder and chief executive officer of Art of Problem Solving Inc. (as well as the website, which serves as a mathematics forum and place to hold online classes) and a co-author of the Art of Problem Solving textbooks. Rusczyk was a national Mathcounts ...
Computational problem. In theoretical computer science, a computational problem is a problem that may be solved by an algorithm. For example, the problem of factoring. "Given a positive integer n, find a nontrivial prime factor of n ." is a computational problem. A computational problem can be viewed as a set of instances or cases together with ...
The eight queens puzzle is a special case of the more general n queens problem of placing n non-attacking queens on an n × n chessboard. Solutions exist for all natural numbers n with the exception of n = 2 and n = 3. Although the exact number of solutions is only known for n ≤ 27, the asymptotic growth rate of the number of solutions is ...
Nonlinear programming. In mathematics, nonlinear programming ( NLP) is the process of solving an optimization problem where some of the constraints are not linear equalities or the objective function is not a linear function. An optimization problem is one of calculation of the extrema (maxima, minima or stationary points) of an objective ...
Quadratic programming. Quadratic programming ( QP) is the process of solving certain mathematical optimization problems involving quadratic functions. Specifically, one seeks to optimize (minimize or maximize) a multivariate quadratic function subject to linear constraints on the variables.
Constraint satisfaction problem. Constraint satisfaction problems ( CSPs) are mathematical questions defined as a set of objects whose state must satisfy a number of constraints or limitations. CSPs represent the entities in a problem as a homogeneous collection of finite constraints over variables, which is solved by constraint satisfaction ...
The most common problem being solved is the 0-1 knapsack problem, which restricts the number of copies of each kind of item to zero or one. Given a set of n {\displaystyle n} items numbered from 1 up to n {\displaystyle n} , each with a weight w i {\displaystyle w_{i}} and a value v i {\displaystyle v_{i}} , along with a maximum weight capacity ...