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Classes of automata. (Clicking on each layer gets an article on that subject) A Turing machine is a mathematical model of computation describing an abstract machine [1] that manipulates symbols on a strip of tape according to a table of rules. [2] Despite the model's simplicity, it is capable of implementing any computer algorithm.
Virtual machine escape. In computer security, virtual machine escape is the process of a program breaking out of the virtual machine on which it is running and interacting with the host operating system. [1] A virtual machine is a "completely isolated guest operating system installation within a normal host operating system". [2]
Metamorphic code. Metamorphic code is code that when run outputs a logically equivalent version of its own code under some interpretation. This is similar to a quine, except that a quine's source code is exactly equivalent to its own output. Metamorphic code also usually outputs machine code and not its own source code.
An automated teller machine ( ATM) is an electronic telecommunications device that enables customers of financial institutions to perform financial transactions, such as cash withdrawals, deposits, funds transfers, balance inquiries or account information inquiries, at any time and without the need for direct interaction with bank staff.
Shellcode. In hacking, a shellcode is a small piece of code used as the payload in the exploitation of a software vulnerability. It is called "shellcode" because it typically starts a command shell from which the attacker can control the compromised machine, but any piece of code that performs a similar task can be called shellcode.
Bare machine. In computer science, bare machine (or bare metal) refers to a computer executing instructions directly on logic hardware without an intervening operating system. Modern operating systems evolved through various stages, from elementary to the present day complex, highly sensitive systems incorporating many services.
Common Intermediate Language ( CIL ), formerly called Microsoft Intermediate Language ( MSIL) or Intermediate Language ( IL ), [1] is the intermediate language binary instruction set defined within the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) specification. [2] CIL instructions are executed by a CIL-compatible runtime environment such as the Common ...
Time to Hello World. "Time to hello world" (TTHW) is the time it takes to author a "Hello, World!" program in a given programming language. This is one measure of a programming language's ease of use; since the program is meant as an introduction for people unfamiliar with the language, a more complex "Hello, World!"