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Problem-based learning (PBL) is a student-centered pedagogy in which students learn about a subject through the experience of solving an open-ended problem found in trigger material. The PBL process does not focus on problem solving with a defined solution, but it allows for the development of other desirable skills and attributes.
Decision problem. A decision problem has only two possible outputs ( yes or no) on any input. In computability theory and computational complexity theory, a decision problem is a computational problem that can be posed as a yes–no question of the input values. An example of a decision problem is deciding by means of an algorithm whether a ...
Quadratic programming. Quadratic programming ( QP) is the process of solving certain mathematical optimization problems involving quadratic functions. Specifically, one seeks to optimize (minimize or maximize) a multivariate quadratic function subject to linear constraints on the variables.
Nonlinear programming. In mathematics, nonlinear programming ( NLP) is the process of solving an optimization problem where some of the constraints are not linear equalities or the objective function is not a linear function. An optimization problem is one of calculation of the extrema (maxima, minima or stationary points) of an objective ...
General Problem Solver. General Problem Solver ( GPS) is a computer program created in 1957 by Herbert A. Simon, J. C. Shaw, and Allen Newell ( RAND Corporation) intended to work as a universal problem solver machine. In contrast to the former Logic Theorist project, the GPS works with means–ends analysis.
Creative problem-solving ( CPS) [1] is the mental process of searching for an original and previously unknown solution to a problem. To qualify, the solution must be novel and reached independently. [1] [2] The creative problem-solving process was originally developed by Alex Osborn and Sid Parnes. Creative problem solving (CPS) is a way of ...
Problem finding. Problem finding means problem discovery. It is part of the larger problem process that includes problem shaping and problem solving. Problem finding requires intellectual vision and insight into what is missing. Problem finding plays a major role in application of creativity. [1]
Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization. Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization ( QUBO ), also known as unconstrained binary quadratic programming ( UBQP ), is a combinatorial optimization problem with a wide range of applications from finance and economics to machine learning. [1] QUBO is an NP hard problem, and for many classical ...