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Problem solving is the process of achieving a goal by overcoming obstacles, a frequent part of most activities. Problems in need of solutions range from simple personal tasks (e.g. how to turn on an appliance) to complex issues in business and technical fields. The former is an example of simple problem solving (SPS) addressing one issue ...
Wicked problem. In planning and policy, a wicked problem is a problem that is difficult or impossible to solve because of incomplete, contradictory, and changing requirements that are often difficult to recognize. It refers to an idea or problem that cannot be fixed, where there is no single solution to the problem; and "wicked" denotes ...
The assignment problem is a special case of the transportation problem, which is a special case of the minimum cost flow problem, which in turn is a special case of a linear program. While it is possible to solve any of these problems using the simplex algorithm , each specialization has a smaller solution space and thus more efficient ...
Problem finding. Problem finding means problem discovery. It is part of the larger problem process that includes problem shaping and problem solving. Problem finding requires intellectual vision and insight into what is missing. Problem finding plays a major role in application of creativity. [1]
Discrete logarithm. In mathematics, for given real numbers a and b, the logarithm log b a is a number x such that bx = a. Analogously, in any group G, powers bk can be defined for all integers k, and the discrete logarithm log b a is an integer k such that bk = a. In number theory, the more commonly used term is index: we can write x = ind r a ...
Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization. Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization ( QUBO ), also known as unconstrained binary quadratic programming ( UBQP ), is a combinatorial optimization problem with a wide range of applications from finance and economics to machine learning. [1] QUBO is an NP hard problem, and for many classical ...
Linear programming is a special case of mathematical programming (also known as mathematical optimization ). More formally, linear programming is a technique for the optimization of a linear objective function, subject to linear equality and linear inequality constraints. Its feasible region is a convex polytope, which is a set defined as the ...
Poisson's equation is. where is the Laplace operator, and and are real or complex -valued functions on a manifold. Usually, is given, and is sought. When the manifold is Euclidean space, the Laplace operator is often denoted as ∇2, and so Poisson's equation is frequently written as. In three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates, it takes the form.