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Employee benefits in the United States include relocation assistance; medical, prescription, vision and dental plans; health and dependent care flexible spending accounts; retirement benefit plans (pension, 401 (k), 403 (b) ); group term life insurance and accidental death and dismemberment insurance plans; income protection plans (also known ...
Organizational citizenship behavior. In industrial and organizational psychology, organizational citizenship behavior ( OCB) is a person's voluntary commitment within an organization or company that is not part of his or her contractual tasks. Organizational citizenship behavior has been studied since the late 1970s.
Helping behavior refers to voluntary actions intended to help others, with reward regarded or disregarded. It is a type of prosocial behavior (voluntary action intended to help or benefit another individual or group of individuals, [1] such as sharing, comforting, rescuing and helping). Altruism is distinguished from helping behavior in this ...
In the early days of industrial and organizational psychology, the field focused on two separate aspects of the workplace. Industrial psychologists spent their time on practical matters that they ...
Job embeddedness is the collection of forces that influence employee retention. [1] It can be distinguished from turnover in that its emphasis is on all of the factors that keep an employee on the job, rather than the psychological process one goes through when quitting. [2] The scholars who introduced job embeddedness described the concept as ...
Personnel psychology is the area of I-O psychology that primarily deals with the recruitment, selection and evaluation of personnel, and with other job aspects such as morale, job satisfaction, and relationships between managers and workers in the workplace. [2] It is the field of study that concentrates on the selection and evaluation of ...
Employee assistance program. An employee assistance program in the United States generally offers free and confidential assessments, short-term counseling, referrals, and follow-up services for employees. EAP counselors may also work in a consultative role with managers and supervisors to address employee and organizational challenges and needs.
Expectancy theory is about the mental processes regarding choice, or choosing. It explains the processes that an individual undergoes to make choices. In the study of organizational behavior, expectancy theory is a motivation theory first proposed by Victor Vroom of the Yale School of Management . This theory emphasizes the need for ...