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  2. History of free and open-source software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_free_and_open...

    In the 1950s and 1960s, computer operating software and compilers were delivered as a part of hardware purchases without separate fees. At the time, source code, the human-readable form of software, was generally distributed with the software providing the ability to fix bugs or add new functions. [1] Universities were early adopters of ...

  3. Source code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code

    In computing, source code, or simply code or source, is text (usually plain text) that conforms to a human-readable programming language and specifies the behavior of a computer. A programmer writes code to produce a program that runs on a computer. Since a computer, at base, only understands machine code, source must be translated in order to ...

  4. History of compiler construction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_compiler...

    The most common reason for transforming source code is to create an executable program. Any program written in a high-level programming language must be translated to object code before it can be executed, so all programmers using such a language use a compiler or an interpreter. Improvements to a compiler may lead to a large number of improved ...

  5. Comparison of free and open-source software licenses

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_free_and...

    The Open Source Initiative (OSI) is one such organization keeping a list of open-source licenses. [1] The Free Software Foundation (FSF) maintains a list of what it considers free. [2] FSF's free software and OSI's open-source licenses together are called FOSS licenses. There are licenses accepted by the OSI which are not free as per the Free ...

  6. Academia.edu - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia.edu

    Academia, Inc. Academia.edu is a for-profit open repository of academic articles free to read by visitors. Uploading and downloading is restricted to registered users. Additional features are accessible only as a paid subscription. Since 2016 various social networking utilities have been added.

  7. Computer programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programming

    Computer programming or coding is the composition of sequences of instructions, called programs, that computers can follow to perform tasks. [1] [2] It involves designing and implementing algorithms, step-by-step specifications of procedures, by writing code in one or more programming languages. Programmers typically use high-level programming ...

  8. Open-source license - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_license

    Permissive licenses generally originate in academic institutions like the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.. Permissive licenses, also known as academic licenses, allow recipients to use, modify, and distribute software with no obligation to provide source code.

  9. Academic Free License - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_Free_License

    The Academic Free License ( AFL) is a permissive free software license written in 2002 by Lawrence E. Rosen, a former general counsel of the Open Source Initiative (OSI). The license grants similar rights to the BSD, MIT, UoI/NCSA and Apache licenses – licenses allowing the software to be made proprietary – but was written to correct ...