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  2. Karnaugh map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnaugh_map

    Karnaugh maps are used to simplify real-world logic requirements so that they can be implemented using the minimal number of logic gates. A sum-of-products expression (SOP) can always be implemented using AND gates feeding into an OR gate, and a product-of-sums expression (POS) leads to OR gates feeding an AND gate.

  3. De Morgan's laws - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Morgan's_laws

    De Morgan's Laws represented as a circuit with logic gates (International Electrotechnical Commission diagrams). In extensions of classical propositional logic, the duality still holds (that is, to any logical operator one can always find its dual), since in the presence of the identities governing negation, one may always introduce an operator ...

  4. Logic optimization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_optimization

    Logic optimization is a process of finding an equivalent representation of the specified logic circuit under one or more specified constraints. This process is a part of a logic synthesis applied in digital electronics and integrated circuit design. Generally, the circuit is constrained to a minimum chip area meeting a predefined response delay ...

  5. Fredkin gate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredkin_gate

    The Fredkin gate (also controlled-SWAP gate and conservative logic gate) is a computational circuit suitable for reversible computing, invented by Edward Fredkin. It is universal, which means that any logical or arithmetic operation can be constructed entirely of Fredkin gates. The Fredkin gate is a circuit or device with three inputs and three ...

  6. Truth table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_table

    v. t. e. A truth table is a mathematical table used in logic —specifically in connection with Boolean algebra, Boolean functions, and propositional calculus —which sets out the functional values of logical expressions on each of their functional arguments, that is, for each combination of values taken by their logical variables. [1]

  7. Boolean algebra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean_algebra

    In mathematics and mathematical logic, Boolean algebra is a branch of algebra. It differs from elementary algebra in two ways. First, the values of the variables are the truth values true and false, usually denoted 1 and 0, whereas in elementary algebra the values of the variables are numbers. Second, Boolean algebra uses logical operators such ...

  8. Quantifier (logic) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantifier_(logic)

    Quantifier (logic) In logic, a quantifier is an operator that specifies how many individuals in the domain of discourse satisfy an open formula. For instance, the universal quantifier in the first order formula expresses that everything in the domain satisfies the property denoted by . On the other hand, the existential quantifier in the ...

  9. AND-OR-invert - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AND-OR-Invert

    AND-OR-invert. AND-OR-invert (AOI) logic and AOI gates are two-level compound (or complex) logic functions constructed from the combination of one or more AND gates followed by a NOR gate (equivalent to an OR gate through an Inverter gate, which is the "OI" part of "AOI"). Construction of AOI cells is particularly efficient using CMOS ...