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The Italian Hall disaster (sometimes referred to as the 1913 Massacre) was a tragedy that occurred on Wednesday, December 24, 1913, in Calumet, Michigan, United States. Seventy-three people – mostly striking mine workers and their families – were crushed to death in a stampede when someone falsely shouted "fire" at a crowded Christmas party.
Italian Hall was a two-story commercial and recreational building in Calumet, Michigan, built in 1908 and demolished in 1984. Two prior buildings known popularly as "Italian Hall" had stood on the site. The first floor housed commercial space with a large hall on the second floor. The building served as headquarters for the Società Mutua ...
1913 Massacre. " 1913 Massacre " is a topical ballad written by American folk singer Woody Guthrie, and recorded and released in 1945 for Moses Asch's Folkways label. The song originally appeared on Struggle, an album of labor songs. It was re-released in 1998 on Hard Travelin', The Asch Recordings, Vol.3 and other albums.
The union and many local citizens donated gifts for the children and money for the party supplies. The party was held in the upstairs ballroom of the Italian Hall, a building in Calumet which was owned by a mutual benefit society for Italians. The party was well attended, with hundreds of families attending, including many strikers' children ...
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, panics caused by false shouts of "fire" in crowded theaters and other venues were not uncommon. [4] Most notably, the Canonsburg Opera House disaster of 1911 led to 26 deaths, and the 1913 Italian Hall disaster saw 73 people die in the crush that ensued from a false alarm in a crowded banquet hall.
The museum is located in the Italian Hall, a historic building listed on the National Register of Historic Places constructed in 1908 to serve as the cultural center for the Italian community. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Located on the south edge of Chinatown in what was formerly the core of the city's Italian enclave, the Italian Hall was the site of ...
The phrase "shouting fire in a crowded theater," or similar phrases, predate the Italian Hall disaster. In one example that I know of, on August 26, 1911, 28 people died in a stampede to get out of a Canonsburg, PA theater after someone mistakenly shouted "fire."
La Fenice. Teatro La Fenice (pronounced [la feˈniːtʃe], "The Phoenix ") is a historic opera house in Venice, Italy. It is one of "the most famous and renowned landmarks in the history of Italian theatre " [1] and in the history of opera as a whole. Especially in the 19th century, La Fenice became the site of many famous operatic premieres at ...