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  2. International English Language Testing System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_English...

    Website. ielts .org. International English Language Testing System ( IELTS / ˈaɪ.ɛlts /) [6] is an international standardized test of English language proficiency for non-native English language speakers. It is jointly managed by the British Council, IDP and Cambridge English, [6] and was established in 1989.

  3. B1 Preliminary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B1_Preliminary

    B1 Preliminary, previously known as Cambridge English: Preliminary and the Preliminary English Test (PET), is an English language examination provided by Cambridge Assessment English (previously known as Cambridge English Language Assessment and University of Cambridge ESOL examinations). B1 Preliminary is an intermediate-level qualification ...

  4. Common European Framework of Reference for Languages

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_European_Framework...

    The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment, [1] abbreviated in English as CEFR, CEF, or CEFRL, is a guideline used to describe achievements of learners of foreign languages across Europe and, increasingly, in other countries. The CEFR is also intended to make it easier for educational institutions ...

  5. Cambridge Assessment English - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Assessment_English

    Cambridge Assessment English or Cambridge English develops and produces Cambridge English Qualifications and the International English Language Testing System ().The organisation contributed to the development of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), the standard used around the world to benchmark language skills, and its qualifications and tests are aligned with ...

  6. English as a second or foreign language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_as_a_second_or...

    Includes a listening and reading test as well as a speaking and writing test introduced in selected countries beginning in 2006. Trinity College London ESOL offers the Integrated Skills in English (ISE) series of 5 exams which assesses reading, writing, speaking and listening and is accepted by academic institutions in the UK. They also offer ...

  7. ECL Language tests - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECL_Language_tests

    The ECL is an association of institutions representing European languages . The ECL examination system was developed by an international team of language testing experts, between 1983 and 1992. Since 1999 the International Centre of the ECL Exams operates at the Foreign Language Secretariat, at the University of Pécs, Hungary.

  8. Civil Service (United Kingdom) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Service_(United_Kingdom)

    v. t. e. His Majesty's Home Civil Service is the permanent bureaucracy or secretariat of Crown employees that supports His Majesty's Government, which is led by a cabinet of ministers chosen by the prime minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. [1] As in other states that employ the Westminster political system, His ...

  9. Active listening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_listening

    Active listening is the practice of preparing to listen, observing what verbal and non-verbal messages are being sent, and then providing appropriate feedback for the sake of showing attentiveness to the message being presented. [1] Active listening is listening to understand. [2] This form of listening conveys a mutual understanding between ...