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Problem solving is the process of achieving a goal by overcoming obstacles, a frequent part of most activities. Problems in need of solutions range from simple personal tasks (e.g. how to turn on an appliance) to complex issues in business and technical fields. The former is an example of simple problem solving (SPS) addressing one issue ...
Problem-based learning. A PBL group at Sydney Dental Hospital. Problem-based learning ( PBL) is a teaching method in which students learn about a subject through the experience of solving an open-ended problem found in trigger material. The PBL process does not focus on problem solving with a defined solution, but it allows for the development ...
Synectics is a problem solving methodology that stimulates thought processes of which the subject may be unaware. This method was developed by George M. Prince (1918–2009) [1] and William J.J. Gordon, originating in the Arthur D. Little Invention Design Unit in the 1950s. According to Gordon, Synectics research has three main assumptions: [2 ...
For broader coverage of this topic, see Mathematical optimization. In mathematics, engineering, computer science and economics, an optimization problem is the problem of finding the best solution from all feasible solutions . Optimization problems can be divided into two categories, depending on whether the variables are continuous or discrete ...
Constraint satisfaction problem. Constraint satisfaction problems ( CSPs) are mathematical questions defined as a set of objects whose state must satisfy a number of constraints or limitations. CSPs represent the entities in a problem as a homogeneous collection of finite constraints over variables, which is solved by constraint satisfaction ...
Information mapping. Problem structuring methods ( PSMs) are a group of techniques used to model or to map the nature or structure of a situation or state of affairs that some people want to change. [1] PSMs are usually used by a group of people in collaboration (rather than by a solitary individual) to create a consensus about, or at least to ...
Recognizing patterns, analyzing ideas, synthesizing information, solving problems, and creating things all involve abstract thinking. The ability to think abstractly develops as we mature, and we ...
Mathematics, problem solving. Publication date. 1945. ISBN. 9780691164076. How to Solve It (1945) is a small volume by mathematician George Pólya, describing methods of problem solving. [1] This book has remained in print continually since 1945.