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  2. Maser - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maser

    History. The theoretical principles governing the operation of a maser were first described by Joseph Weber of the University of Maryland, College Park at the Electron Tube Research Conference in June 1952 in Ottawa, with a summary published in the June 1953 Transactions of the Institute of Radio Engineers Professional Group on Electron Devices, and simultaneously by Nikolay Basov and ...

  3. Charles H. Townes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_H._Townes

    Charles Hard Townes (July 28, 1915 – January 27, 2015) was an American physicist. Townes worked on the theory and application of the maser, for which he obtained the fundamental patent, and other work in quantum electronics associated with both maser and laser devices.

  4. Astrophysical maser - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophysical_maser

    An astrophysical maser is a naturally occurring source of stimulated spectral line emission, typically in the microwave portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. This emission may arise in molecular clouds, comets, planetary atmospheres, stellar atmospheres, or various other conditions in interstellar space .

  5. Villa Barbaro - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_Barbaro

    Villa Barbaro, also known as the Villa di Maser, is a large villa at Maser in the Veneto region of northern Italy.It was designed and built by the Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio, with frescos by Paolo Veronese and sculptures by Alessandro Vittoria, for Daniele Barbaro, Patriarch of Aquileia and ambassador to Queen Elizabeth I of England and his brother Marcantonio, an ambassador ...

  6. Joseph Weber - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Weber

    Joseph Weber. Weber depicted in US Naval Academy uniform in 1940. Joseph Weber (May 17, 1919 – September 30, 2000) was an American physicist. He gave the earliest public lecture on the principles behind the laser and the maser and developed the first gravitational wave detectors ( Weber bars ).

  7. Laser science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_science

    Laser modules (bottom to top: 405, 445, 520, 532, 635, and 660 nm) Laser science or laser physics is a branch of optics that describes the theory and practice of lasers. [citation needed] Laser science is principally concerned with quantum electronics, laser construction, optical cavity design, the physics of producing a population inversion in ...

  8. Laser - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser

    The first device using amplification by stimulated emission operated at microwave frequencies, and was called a maser, for "microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation". When similar optical devices were developed they were first known as optical masers, until "microwave" was replaced by "light" in the acronym, to become laser.

  9. The Master and Margarita - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Master_and_Margarita

    The Master and Margarita (Russian: Мастер и Маргарита) is a novel by Soviet writer Mikhail Bulgakov, written in the Soviet Union between 1928 and 1940. A censored version, with several chapters cut by editors, was published in Moscow magazine in 1966–1967, after the writer's death on March 10, 1940, by his widow Elena Bulgakova (Russian: Елена Булгакова).