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2. Word problem (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_problem_(mathematics)

   Word problem (mathematics) In computational mathematics, a word problem is the problem of deciding whether two given expressions are equivalent with respect to a set of rewriting identities. A prototypical example is the word problem for groups, but there are many other instances as well. A deep result of computational theory is that answering ...

3. Symbolic artificial intelligence - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_artificial...

   In artificial intelligence, symbolic artificial intelligence (also known as classical artificial intelligence or logic-based artificial intelligence) [1][2] is the term for the collection of all methods in artificial intelligence research that are based on high-level symbolic (human-readable) representations of problems, logic and search. [3] Symbolic AI used tools such as logic programming ...

4. General Problem Solver - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Problem_Solver

   General Problem Solver. General Problem Solver (GPS) is a computer program created in 1957 by Herbert A. Simon, J. C. Shaw, and Allen Newell (RAND Corporation) intended to work as a universal problem solver machine. In contrast to the former Logic Theorist project, the GPS works with means–ends analysis.

5. Artificial intelligence - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence

   Artificial intelligence (AI), in its broadest sense, is intelligence exhibited by machines, particularly computer systems. It is a field of research in computer science that develops and studies methods and software that enable machines to perceive their environment and use learning and intelligence to take actions that maximize their chances of achieving defined goals. [ 1 ] Such machines may ...

6. List of optimization software - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_optimization_software

   MIDACO – a software package for numerical optimization based on evolutionary computing. MINTO – integer programming solver using branch and bound algorithm; freeware for personal use. MOSEK – a large scale optimization software. Solves linear, quadratic, conic and convex nonlinear, continuous and integer optimization.

7. Heuristic (computer science) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristic_(computer_science)

   Heuristic (computer science) In mathematical optimization and computer science, heuristic (from Greek εὑρίσκω "I find, discover") is a technique designed for problem solving more quickly when classic methods are too slow for finding an exact or approximate solution, or when classic methods fail to find any exact solution in a search space.