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Encryption. A simple illustration of public-key cryptography, one of the most widely used forms of encryption. In cryptography, encryption is the process of encoding information. This process converts the original representation of the information, known as plaintext, into an alternative form known as ciphertext.
The MD5 message-digest algorithm is a widely used hash function producing a 128- bit hash value. MD5 was designed by Ronald Rivest in 1991 to replace an earlier hash function MD4, [3] and was specified in 1992 as RFC 1321. MD5 can be used as a checksum to verify data integrity against unintentional corruption. Historically it was widely used as ...
Authenticated Encryption (AE) is an encryption scheme which simultaneously assures the data confidentiality (also known as privacy: the encrypted message is impossible to understand without the knowledge of a secret key) and authenticity (in other words, it is unforgeable: the encrypted message includes an authentication tag that the sender can calculate only while possessing the secret key).
RSA ( Rivest–Shamir–Adleman) is a public-key cryptosystem, one of the oldest widely used for secure data transmission. The initialism "RSA" comes from the surnames of Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard Adleman, who publicly described the algorithm in 1977. An equivalent system was developed secretly in 1973 at Government Communications ...
Tox is a peer-to-peer instant-messaging and video-calling protocol that offers end-to-end encryption. The stated goal of the project is to provide secure yet easily accessible communication for everyone. [2] A reference implementation of the protocol is published as free and open-source software under the terms of the GNU GPL-3.0-or-later .
In cryptography, a Caesar cipher, also known as Caesar's cipher, the shift cipher, Caesar's code, or Caesar shift, is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques. It is a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet.
Ciphertext stealing is a technique for encrypting plaintext using a block cipher, without padding the message to a multiple of the block size, so the ciphertext is the same size as the plaintext. It does this by altering processing of the last two blocks of the message. The processing of all but the last two blocks is unchanged, but a portion ...
The Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) is the IETF's standard for cryptographically protected messages. It can be used by cryptographic schemes and protocols to digitally sign , digest , authenticate or encrypt any form of digital data.