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2. Artificial intelligence - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence

   Artificial intelligence (AI), in its broadest sense, is intelligence exhibited by machines, particularly computer systems.It is a field of research in computer science that develops and studies methods and software that enable machines to perceive their environment and uses learning and intelligence to take actions that maximize their chances of achieving defined goals.

3. Problem solving - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_solving

   Problem solving is the process of achieving a goal by overcoming obstacles, a frequent part of most activities. Problems in need of solutions range from simple personal tasks (e.g. how to turn on an appliance) to complex issues in business and technical fields. The former is an example of simple problem solving (SPS) addressing one issue ...

4. History of artificial intelligence - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_artificial...

   AI researchers began to develop and use sophisticated mathematical tools more than they ever had in the past. There was a widespread realization that many of the problems that AI needed to solve were already being worked on by researchers in fields like mathematics, electrical engineering, economics or operations research. The shared ...

5. Heuristic (computer science) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristic_(computer_science)

   Heuristic (computer science) In mathematical optimization and computer science, heuristic (from Greek εὑρίσκω "I find, discover") is a technique designed for problem solving more quickly when classic methods are too slow for finding an exact or approximate solution, or when classic methods fail to find any exact solution in a search space.

6. Timeline of artificial intelligence - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_artificial...

   Danny Bobrow's dissertation at MIT (technical report #1 from MIT's AI group, Project MAC), shows that computers can understand natural language well enough to solve algebra word problems correctly. Bertram Raphael's MIT dissertation on the SIR program demonstrates the power of a logical representation of knowledge for question-answering systems ...

7. Expert system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expert_system

   A Symbolics 3640 Lisp machine: an early (1984) platform for expert systems. In artificial intelligence (AI), an expert system is a computer system emulating the decision-making ability of a human expert. [1] Expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning through bodies of knowledge, represented mainly as if–then rules ...

8. General Problem Solver - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Problem_Solver

   General Problem Solver. General Problem Solver ( GPS) is a computer program created in 1957 by Herbert A. Simon, J. C. Shaw, and Allen Newell ( RAND Corporation) intended to work as a universal problem solver machine. In contrast to the former Logic Theorist project, the GPS works with means–ends analysis.

9. Natural-language understanding - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural-language_understanding

   Natural-language understanding is considered an AI-hard problem. [2] There is considerable commercial interest in the field because of its application to automated reasoning , [3] machine translation , [4] question answering , [5] news-gathering, text categorization , voice-activation , archiving, and large-scale content analysis .