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California (/ ˌ k æ l ɪ ˈ f ɔːr n j ə ˌ-n i. ə / ⓘ KAL-ih-FORN-yə, - FOR-nee-ə) is a state in the Western United States, lying on the American Pacific Coast.It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and the Mexican state of Baja California to the south.
The history of California can be divided into the Native American period (about 10,000 years ago until 1542), the European exploration period (1542–1769), the Spanish colonial period (1769–1821), the Mexican period (1821–1848), and United States statehood (September 9, 1850–present). California was one of the most culturally and ...
Geography of California. Coordinates: 37°9′58″N 119°26′58″W. Map of California topography and geomorphic provinces. California's major mountain ranges. California is a U.S. state on the western coast of North America. Covering an area of 163,696 sq mi (423,970 km 2 ), California is among the most geographically diverse states.
The University of California, Berkeley ( UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Founded in 1868 and named after Anglo-Irish philosopher George Berkeley, it is the state's first land-grant university and the founding campus of the University of California system.
Demographics of California. Population pyramid of California in 2019. Population. 38,940,231 (2023) [1] California is the most populated U.S. state, with an estimated population of 38.9 million as of 2023. [1] It has people from a wide variety of ethnic, racial, national, and religious backgrounds.
Pre-Columbian history (c. 13,000 BC – 1530 AD) European exploration (1530–1765) Spanish colonization and governance (1697–1821) Russian colonization (1812–1841) Mexican Alta California (1821–1846) California Republic and the Mexican–American War (1846–1848) California under the United States (beginning 1848)
The climate of California varies widely from hot desert to alpine tundra, depending on latitude, elevation, and proximity to the Pacific Coast. California 's coastal regions, the Sierra Nevada foothills, and much of the Central Valley have a Mediterranean climate, with warmer, drier weather in summer and cooler, wetter weather in winter.
The California State Capitol is the seat of the governor of California and the California State Legislature, and the city is home to numerous California state agencies. The Supreme Court of California is headquartered in San Francisco but maintains one of its two branch offices in Sacramento, where it shares a courtroom with the Court of Appeal ...