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Precomposition with a function probably provides the most elementary notion of pullback: in simple terms, a function of a variable where itself is a function of another variable may be written as a function of This is the pullback of by the function. It is such a fundamental process that it is often passed over without mention.
Pullback (category theory) In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a pullback (also called a fiber product, fibre product, fibered product or Cartesian square) is the limit of a diagram consisting of two morphisms f : X → Z and g : Y → Z with a common codomain. The pullback is written.
Pullback (differential geometry) Let be a smooth map between smooth manifolds and . Then there is an associated linear map from the space of 1-forms on (the linear space of sections of the cotangent bundle) to the space of 1-forms on . This linear map is known as the pullback (by ), and is frequently denoted by .
Linear model of innovation. The Linear Model of Innovation was an early model designed to understand the relationship of science and technology that begins with basic research that flows into applied research, development and diffusion [1] It posits scientific research as the basis of innovation which eventually leads to economic growth.
Peter A. Ubel, an American physician, is a proponent of scientocracy. In an article titled "Scientocracy: Policy making that reflects human nature", he writes, "When I talk about Scientocracy, then, I'm not talking about a world ruled by behavioral scientists, or any other kind of scientists.
The US exit polls have long been conducted by Edison Research for the National Election Pool of media organizations, interviewing a sample of voters as they leave a polling place. These pollsters choose precincts whose mix of voters is representative of the broader area. These voters may not be typical.
A coup d'état (/ ˌkuːdeɪˈtɑː / ⓘ; French: [ku deta]; lit.'stroke of state'), [ 1 ] or simply a coup, is typically an illegal and overt attempt by a military organization or other government elites to unseat an incumbent leadership. [ 2 ][ 3 ] A self-coup is when a leader, having come to power through legal means, tries to stay in power ...
Political science is the scientific study of politics.It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and power, and the analysis of political activities, political thought, political behavior, and associated constitutions and laws.