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  2. Internet exchange point - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_exchange_point

    Traffic exchange Diagram of the Layer 1 (physical) and Layer 2 (Data Link) topology of an Internet exchange point (IXP) Diagram of the Layer 3 (network) topology of an Internet exchange point (IXP) Internet traffic exchange between two participants on an IXP is facilitated by Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) routing configurations between them ...

  3. PSTN network topology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSTN_network_topology

    PSTN network topology is the switching network topology of a telephone network connected to the public switched telephone network (PSTN).. In the United States and Canada, the Bell System network topology was the switching system hierarchy implemented and operated from c. 1930 to the 1980s for the purpose of integrating the diverse array of local telephone companies and telephone numbering ...

  4. Network topology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology

    Network topology is the topological [4] structure of a network and may be depicted physically or logically. It is an application of graph theory [3] wherein communicating devices are modeled as nodes and the connections between the devices are modeled as links or lines between the nodes. Physical topology is the placement of the various ...

  5. Star network - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_network

    Star topology in use in a network. A star network is an implementation of a spoke–hub distribution paradigm in computer networks. In a star network, every host is connected to a central hub. In its simplest form, one central hub acts as a conduit to transmit messages. [1] The star network is one of the most common computer network topologies .

  6. OSI model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model

    1. Physical layer. v. t. e. The Open Systems Interconnection ( OSI) model is a reference model from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that "provides a common basis for the coordination of standards development for the purpose of systems interconnection." [2] In the OSI reference model, the communications between systems ...

  7. Routing in the PSTN - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routing_in_the_PSTN

    The routing tables are generated centrally based on the known topology of the network, the numbering plan, and analysis of traffic data. These are then downloaded to each exchange in the telephone operator's network. Because of the hierarchical nature of the numbering plan, and its geographical basis, most calls between telephone numbers on the ...

  8. Convergence (routing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergence_(routing)

    Convergence is the state of a set of routers that have the same topological information about the internetwork in which they operate. For a set of routers to have converged, they must have collected all available topology information from each other via the implemented routing protocol, the information they gathered must not contradict any other router's topology information in the set, and it ...

  9. Internet backbone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_backbone

    Internet backbone. The Internet backbone may be defined by the principal data routes between large, strategically interconnected computer networks and core routers of the Internet. These data routes are hosted by commercial, government, academic and other high-capacity network centers, as well as the Internet exchange points and network access ...