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Machine learning (ML) is a field of study in artificial intelligence concerned with the development and study of statistical algorithms that can learn from data and generalize to unseen data, and thus perform tasks without explicit instructions. Recently, artificial neural networks have been able to surpass many previous approaches in performance.
Arthur Lee Samuel (December 5, 1901 – July 29, 1990) [3] was an American pioneer in the field of computer gaming and artificial intelligence. [2] He popularized the term "machine learning" in 1959. [4] The Samuel Checkers-playing Program was among the world's first successful self-learning programs, and as such a very early demonstration of ...
1950s. Pioneering machine learning research is conducted using simple algorithms. 1960s. Bayesian methods are introduced for probabilistic inference in machine learning. [1] 1970s. ' AI winter ' caused by pessimism about machine learning effectiveness. 1980s.
e. In computer science, online machine learning is a method of machine learning in which data becomes available in a sequential order and is used to update the best predictor for future data at each step, as opposed to batch learning techniques which generate the best predictor by learning on the entire training data set at once.
Researchers in the United Kingdom had been exploring "machine intelligence" for up to ten years prior to the founding of the field of artificial intelligence ( AI) research in 1956. [5] It was a common topic among the members of the Ratio Club, an informal group of British cybernetics and electronics researchers that included Alan Turing.
Artificial intelligence (AI), in its broadest sense, is intelligence exhibited by machines, particularly computer systems.It is a field of research in computer science that develops and studies methods and software that enable machines to perceive their environment and uses learning and intelligence to take actions that maximize their chances of achieving defined goals.
Association rule learning is a rule-based machine learning method for discovering interesting relations between variables in large databases. It is intended to identify strong rules discovered in databases using some measures of interestingness. [1] In any given transaction with a variety of items, association rules are meant to discover the ...
Machine learning – subfield of soft computing within computer science that evolved from the study of pattern recognition and computational learning theory in artificial intelligence. [1] In 1959, Arthur Samuel defined machine learning as a "field of study that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed". [2]