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Positive material identification (PMI) is the analysis of a material, this can be any material but is generally used for the analysis of metallic alloy to establish composition by reading the quantities by percentage of its constituent elements. Typical methods for PMI include X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and optical emission spectrometry (OES). [1]
t. e. Forensic firearm examination is the forensic process of examining the characteristics of firearms or bullets left behind at a crime scene. Specialists in this field try to link bullets to weapons and weapons to individuals. They can raise and record obliterated serial numbers in an attempt to find the registered owner of a weapon and look ...
Primer (firearms) In firearms and artillery, the primer ( / ˈpraɪmər /) is the chemical and/or device responsible for initiating the propellant combustion that will propel the projectiles out of the gun barrel . In early black powder guns such as muzzleloaders, the primer was essentially the same chemical as the main propellant (albeit ...
X-ray fluorescence. XRF scanning of the Rembrandt -painting Syndics of the Drapers' Guild. A handheld XRF analyzer gun. X-ray fluorescence ( XRF) is the emission of characteristic "secondary" (or fluorescent) X-rays from a material that has been excited by being bombarded with high-energy X-rays or gamma rays.
Gunshot residue ( GSR ), also known as cartridge discharge residue ( CDR ), gunfire residue ( GFR ), or firearm discharge residue ( FDR ), consists of all of the particles that are expelled from the muzzle of a gun following the discharge of a bullet. It is principally composed of burnt and unburnt particles from the explosive primer, the ...
Spark testing is a method of determining the general classification of ferrous materials. It normally entails taking a piece of metal, usually scrap, and applying it to a grinding wheel in order to observe the sparks emitted. [1] These sparks can be compared to a chart or to sparks from a known test sample to determine the classification.
Automated ballistic identification systems. Every firearm leaves unique, reproducible markings on expended (used) bullet and cartridge cases that it fired. The barrel, firing pin, firing chamber, extractor, ejector and other parts of the gun leave these marks, called toolmarks, on the bullet and cartridge case faces. Individually and ...
Hazardous Materials Identification System. The Hazardous Materials Identification System ( HMIS) is a numerical hazard rating that incorporates the use of labels with color developed by the American Coatings Association as a compliance aid for the OSHA Hazard Communication (HazCom) Standard. [1] [2]