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In the context of knowledge management, the closed-world assumption is used in at least two situations: (1) when the knowledge base is known to be complete (e.g., a corporate database containing records for every employee), and (2) when the knowledge base is known to be incomplete but a "best" definite answer must be derived from incomplete information.
Pólya mentions that there are many reasonable ways to solve problems. [3] The skill at choosing an appropriate strategy is best learned by solving many problems. You will find choosing a strategy increasingly easy. A partial list of strategies is included: Guess and check [9] Make an orderly list [10] Eliminate possibilities [11] Use symmetry [12]
Insight phenomenology. Insight is a sudden understanding of a problem or a strategy that aids in solving a problem. Usually, this involves conceptualizing the problem in a completely new way. Although insights may appear to be sudden, they are actually the result of prior thought and effort. While insight can be involved in solving well ...
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Adaptive reasoning may also refer to the adaptation of thought processes, problem solving strategies, and conceptual framework, in response and anticipation of the changing nature of the problem being considered. "Adaptive reasoning refers to the capacity to think logically about the relationships among concepts and situations and to justify ...
Ordered weighted averaging. In applied mathematics, specifically in fuzzy logic, the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operators provide a parameterized class of mean type aggregation operators. They were introduced by Ronald R. Yager. [1][2] Many notable mean operators such as the max, arithmetic average, median and min, are members of this class.
Gigerenzer & Gaissmaier (2011) state that sub-sets of strategy include heuristics, regression analysis, and Bayesian inference. [14]A heuristic is a strategy that ignores part of the information, with the goal of making decisions more quickly, frugally, and/or accurately than more complex methods (Gigerenzer and Gaissmaier [2011], p. 454; see also Todd et al. [2012], p. 7).