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Message authentication code. In cryptography, a message authentication code ( MAC ), sometimes known as an authentication tag, is a short piece of information used for authenticating and integrity -checking a message. In other words, to confirm that the message came from the stated sender (its authenticity) and has not been changed (its integrity).
Serge Massar was born in Zambia in 1970. [2] He obtained a degree in physics, then a PhD from the Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) in 1991 and 1995, respectively. [2] He completed his post-doctoral research at Tel Aviv University from 1995 to 1997, and subsequently at Utrecht University from 1997 to 1998. [2] [3]
Email authentication, or validation, is a collection of techniques aimed at providing verifiable information about the origin of email messages by validating the domain ownership of any message transfer agents (MTA) who participated in transferring and possibly modifying a message. The original base of Internet email, Simple Mail Transfer ...
Multi-factor authentication ( MFA; two-factor authentication, or 2FA, along with similar terms) is an electronic authentication method in which a user is granted access to a website or application only after successfully presenting two or more pieces of evidence (or factors) to an authentication mechanism. MFA protects personal data —which ...
Add an extra security step to sign into your account with 2-step verification. Find out how to turn on 2-step verification and receive a verification code, and how to turn off 2-step verification if you need to.
In cryptography, an HMAC (sometimes expanded as either keyed-hash message authentication code or hash-based message authentication code) is a specific type of message authentication code (MAC) involving a cryptographic hash function and a secret cryptographic key. As with any MAC, it may be used to simultaneously verify both the data integrity ...
Authenticated Encryption (AE) is an encryption scheme which simultaneously assures the data confidentiality (also known as privacy: the encrypted message is impossible to understand without the knowledge of a secret key) and authenticity (in other words, it is unforgeable: the encrypted message includes an authentication tag that the sender can calculate only while possessing the secret key).
Mutual authentication or two-way authentication (not to be confused with two-factor authentication) refers to two parties authenticating each other at the same time in an authentication protocol. It is a default mode of authentication in some protocols ( IKE, SSH) and optional in others ( TLS ). Mutual authentication is a desired characteristic ...