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2. Logarithm - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithm

   In mathematics, the logarithm is the inverse function to exponentiation. That means that the logarithm of a number x to the base b is the exponent to which b must be raised to produce x. For example, since 1000 = 103, the logarithm base of 1000 is 3, or log10 (1000) = 3.

3. Log–log plot - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log–log_plot

   Comparison of Linear, Concave, and Convex Functions In original (left) and log10 (right) scales. In science and engineering, a log–log graph or log–log plot is a two-dimensional graph of numerical data that uses logarithmic scales on both the horizontal and vertical axes. Power functions – relationships of the form – appear as straight ...

4. Odds ratio - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odds_ratio

   Odds ratio. An odds ratio ( OR) is a statistic that quantifies the strength of the association between two events, A and B. The odds ratio is defined as the ratio of the odds of A in the presence of B and the odds of A in the absence of B, or equivalently (due to symmetry ), the ratio of the odds of B in the presence of A and the odds of B in ...

5. Sampling (signal processing) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling_(signal_processing)

   In signal processing, sampling is the reduction of a continuous-time signal to a discrete-time signal. A common example is the conversion of a sound wave to a sequence of "samples". A sample is a value of the signal at a point in time and/or space; this definition differs from the term's usage in statistics, which refers to a set of such values.

6. Log probability - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log_probability

   Log probability. In probability theory and computer science, a log probability is simply a logarithm of a probability. [1] The use of log probabilities means representing probabilities on a logarithmic scale , instead of the standard unit interval . Since the probabilities of independent events multiply, and logarithms convert multiplication to ...

7. Work sampling - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_sampling

   Work sampling is the statistical technique used for determining the proportion of time spent by workers in various defined categories of activity (e.g. setting up a machine, assembling two parts, idle…etc.). [1] It is as important as all other statistical techniques because it permits quick analysis, recognition, and enhancement of job ...