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Problem-based learning. A PBL group at Sydney Dental Hospital. Problem-based learning ( PBL) is a teaching method in which students learn about a subject through the experience of solving an open-ended problem found in trigger material. The PBL process does not focus on problem solving with a defined solution, but it allows for the development ...
Problem solving is the process of achieving a goal by overcoming obstacles, a frequent part of most activities. Problems in need of solutions range from simple personal tasks (e.g. how to turn on an appliance) to complex issues in business and technical fields. The former is an example of simple problem solving (SPS) addressing one issue ...
Creative problem-solving ( CPS) [1] is the mental process of searching for an original and previously unknown solution to a problem. To qualify, the solution must be novel and reached independently. [1] [2] The creative problem-solving process was originally developed by Alex Osborn and Sid Parnes. Creative problem solving (CPS) is a way of ...
Convex optimization is a subfield of mathematical optimization that studies the problem of minimizing convex functions over convex sets (or, equivalently, maximizing concave functions over convex sets). Many classes of convex optimization problems admit polynomial-time algorithms, [1] whereas mathematical optimization is in general NP-hard.
Quadratic programming. Quadratic programming ( QP) is the process of solving certain mathematical optimization problems involving quadratic functions. Specifically, one seeks to optimize (minimize or maximize) a multivariate quadratic function subject to linear constraints on the variables.
Linear programming is a special case of mathematical programming (also known as mathematical optimization ). More formally, linear programming is a technique for the optimization of a linear objective function, subject to linear equality and linear inequality constraints. Its feasible region is a convex polytope, which is a set defined as the ...
In elementary algebra, when solving equations, it is guess and check. This approach can be seen as one of the two basic approaches to problem-solving, contrasted with an approach using insight and theory. However, there are intermediate methods which for example, use theory to guide the method, an approach known as guided empiricism.
A multi-agent system ( MAS or "self-organized system") is a computerized system composed of multiple interacting intelligent agents. [1] Multi-agent systems can solve problems that are difficult or impossible for an individual agent or a monolithic system to solve. [2] Intelligence may include methodic, functional, procedural approaches ...