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The inaccuracy in Excel calculations is more complicated than errors due to a precision of 15 significant figures. Excel's storage of numbers in binary format also affects its accuracy. [3] To illustrate, the lower figure tabulates the simple addition 1 + x − 1 for several values of x. All the values of x begin at the 15 th decimal, so Excel ...
Equations. Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. v = velocity of atom/molecule, m = mass of each molecule (all molecules are identical in kinetic theory), γ ( p) = Lorentz factor as function of momentum (see below) Ratio of thermal to rest mass-energy of each molecule: θ = k B T / m c 2 {\displaystyle \theta =k_ {B}T/mc^ {2}\,\!}
In genetics, a polygenic score ( PGS) is a number that summarizes the estimated effect of many genetic variants on an individual's phenotype. The PGS is also called the polygenic index ( PGI) or genome-wide score; in the context of disease risk, it is called a polygenic risk score ( PRS or PR score [1]) or genetic risk score.
Probability mass function. In probability and statistics, a probability mass function (sometimes called probability function or frequency function [1]) is a function that gives the probability that a discrete random variable is exactly equal to some value. [2] Sometimes it is also known as the discrete probability density function.
In thermodynamics, a departure function is defined for any thermodynamic property as the difference between the property as computed for an ideal gas and the property of the species as it exists in the real world, for a specified temperature T and pressure P. Common departure functions include those for enthalpy, entropy, and internal energy .
In molecular biology, transformation efficiency is a crucial parameter, it is used to evaluate the ability of different methods to introduce plasmid DNA into cells and to compare the efficiency of different plasmid, vectors and host cells. This efficiency can be affected by a number of factors, including the method used for introducing the DNA ...
The Heaviside step function, or the unit step function, usually denoted by H or θ (but sometimes u, 1 or 𝟙 ), is a step function named after Oliver Heaviside, the value of which is zero for negative arguments and one for nonnegative arguments. [1] It is an example of the general class of step functions, all of which can be represented as ...
History A 10,000 psi (69 MPa) pressure vessel from 1919, wrapped with high tensile steel banding and steel rods to secure the end caps. The earliest documented design of pressure vessels was described in 1495 in the book by Leonardo da Vinci, the Codex Madrid I, in which containers of pressurized air were theorized to lift heavy weights underwater.