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The social protection floor (SPF) is the first level of protection in a national social protection system. It is a basic set of social rights derived from human right treaties, including access to essential services (such as health, education, housing, water and sanitation, and others, as defined nationally) and social transfers, in cash or in kind, to guarantee economic security, food ...
Social protection. Social protection, as defined by the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, is concerned with preventing, managing, and overcoming situations that adversely affect people's well-being. [1] Social protection consists of policies and programs designed to reduce poverty and vulnerability by promoting efficient ...
The social safety net ( SSN) consists of non-contributory assistance existing to improve lives of vulnerable families and individuals experiencing poverty and destitution. Examples of SSNs are previously-contributory social pensions, in-kind and food transfers, conditional and unconditional cash transfers, fee waivers, public works, and school ...
Social insurance is a public insurance that provides protection against economic risks. Participation in social insurance is compulsory. Social insurance is considered to be a type of social security. Social insurance differs from public support in that individuals' claims are partly dependent on their contributions, which can be considered as ...
The United States spends approximately $2.3 trillion on federal and state social programs including cash assistance, health insurance, food assistance, housing subsidies, energy and utilities subsidies, and education and childcare assistance. Similar benefits are sometimes provided by the private sector either through policy mandates or on a ...
Social risk management ( SRM) is a conceptual framework developed by the World Bank, specifically its Social Protection and Labor Sector under the leadership of Robert Holzmann, since the end 1990s. [1] The objective of SRM is to extend the traditional framework of social protection to include prevention, mitigation, and coping strategies to ...
Social security includes different kinds of benefits (maternity, unemployment, disability, sickness, old age, etc.) [1] A social pension is a stream of payments from the state to an individual that starts when someone retires and continues to be paid until death. [2] This type of pension represents the non-contributory part of the pension ...
Welfare economics is a branch of economics that uses microeconomic techniques to evaluate well-being (welfare) at the aggregate (economy-wide) level. A typical methodology begins with the derivation (or assumption) of a social welfare function, which can then be used to rank economically feasible allocations of resources in terms of the social welfare they entail.