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  2. Chi-squared test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi-squared_test

    Chi-squared distribution, showing χ2 on the x -axis and p -value (right tail probability) on the y -axis. A chi-squared test (also chi-square or χ2 test) is a statistical hypothesis test used in the analysis of contingency tables when the sample sizes are large. In simpler terms, this test is primarily used to examine whether two categorical ...

  3. Problem solving - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_solving

    Problem solving is the process of achieving a goal by overcoming obstacles, a frequent part of most activities. Problems in need of solutions range from simple personal tasks (e.g. how to turn on an appliance) to complex issues in business and technical fields.

  4. Chi-squared distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi-squared_distribution

    The simplest chi-squared distribution is the square of a standard normal distribution. So wherever a normal distribution could be used for a hypothesis test, a chi-squared distribution could be used. Suppose that Z {\displaystyle Z} is a random variable sampled from the standard normal distribution, where the mean is 0 {\displaystyle 0} and the ...

  5. Intelligence quotient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_quotient

    An intelligence quotient ( IQ) is a total score derived from a set of standardised tests or subtests designed to assess human intelligence. [1] The abbreviation "IQ" was coined by the psychologist William Stern for the German term Intelligenzquotient, his term for a scoring method for intelligence tests at University of Breslau he advocated in ...

  6. Michelene Chi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelene_Chi

    Michelene Chi. Michelene (Micki) T. H. Chi is a cognitive and learning scientist known for her work on the development of expertise, benefits of self-explanations, and active learning in the classroom. Chi is the Regents Professor, Dorothy Bray Endowed Professor of Science and Teaching at Arizona State University, where she directs the Learning ...

  7. Reduced chi-squared statistic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_chi-squared_statistic

    Reduced chi-squared statistic. In statistics, the reduced chi-square statistic is used extensively in goodness of fit testing. It is also known as mean squared weighted deviation ( MSWD) in isotopic dating [1] and variance of unit weight in the context of weighted least squares. [2] [3]

  8. Thesis circle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesis_circle

    A thesis circle involves a number of students and at least one professor, lecturer or instructor who collaborate in supervising and coaching final ( undergraduate or MSc) projects. This tool for supervising students working on their thesis, also known as "thesis rings", was developed in the 1990s at Maastricht University (Romme & Nijhuis, 2000).

  9. Study circle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Study_circle

    Study circle. A study circle is a small group of people who meet multiple times to discuss an issue. Study circles may be formed to discuss anything from politics to religion to hobbies with a minimum of 7 people to a maximumof 15.these study circles are formed by a study circle organiser, and are led by a study circle leader.