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Reciprocal altruism. In evolutionary biology, reciprocal altruism is a behaviour whereby an organism acts in a manner that temporarily reduces its fitness while increasing another organism's fitness, with the expectation that the other organism will act in a similar manner at a later time. The concept was initially developed by Robert Trivers ...
Signalling theory. By stotting (also called pronking), a springbok ( Antidorcas marsupialis) signals honestly to predators that it is young, fit, and not worth chasing. Within evolutionary biology, signalling theory is a body of theoretical work examining communication between individuals, both within species and across species.
Here are the top 10 ways regular exercise benefits your body and brain. 1. Exercise can make you feel happier. Exercise has been shown to improve your mood and decrease feelings of depression ...
The halo effect is a psychology term that describes giving positive attributes to a person based on a first impression, whether or not they deserve those positive attributes. For example, if you ...
The antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis was first proposed in a 1952 paper on the evolutionary theory of ageing by Peter Medawar and developed further in a landmark paper by George C. Williams in 1957. [1] Their original hypotheses have since spurred a huge and fruitful literature on the evolutionary explanation for senescence. [2]
Echinacea is a popular herbal remedy, primarily known for its potential to prevent or treat the common cold. This article reviews the benefits, uses, side effects, and dosage of echinacea.
The norm of reciprocity requires that people repay in kind what others have done for them. [1] It can be understood as the expectation that people will respond to each other by returning benefits for benefits, and with either indifference or hostility to harms. The social norm of reciprocity may take different forms in different areas of social ...
Parental care is a behavioural and evolutionary strategy adopted by some animals, involving a parental investment being made to the evolutionary fitness of offspring. Patterns of parental care are widespread and highly diverse across the animal kingdom. [1] There is great variation in different animal groups in terms of how parents care for ...
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