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  2. Microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscopy

    Microscopy. Scanning electron microscope image of pollen (false colors) Microscopic examination in a biochemical laboratory. Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye). [1]

  3. Optical microscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_microscope

    Optical microscope. The optical microscope, also referred to as a light microscope, is a type of microscope that commonly uses visible light and a system of lenses to generate magnified images of small objects. Optical microscopes are the oldest design of microscope and were possibly invented in their present compound form in the 17th century.

  4. Confocal microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confocal_microscopy

    3-301. Fluorescence and confocal microscopes operating principle. Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy ( CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy ( LSCM ), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus ...

  5. Dark-field microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark-field_microscopy

    Dark-field microscopy (also called dark-ground microscopy) describes microscopy methods, in both light and electron microscopy, which exclude the unscattered beam from the image. Consequently, the field around the specimen (i.e., where there is no specimen to scatter the beam) is generally dark. In optical microscopes a darkfield condenser lens ...

  6. Phase-contrast microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-contrast_microscopy

    Phase-contrast microscope. Phase-contrast microscopy (PCM) is an optical microscopy technique that converts phase shifts in light passing through a transparent specimen to brightness changes in the image. Phase shifts themselves are invisible, but become visible when shown as brightness variations.

  7. Stereo microscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereo_microscope

    Modern stereomicroscope optical design. The stereo, stereoscopic or dissecting microscope is an optical microscope variant designed for low magnification observation of a sample, typically using light reflected from the surface of an object rather than transmitted through it. The instrument uses two separate optical paths with two objectives ...

  8. Scanning electron microscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_electron_microscope

    A scanning electron microscope ( SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons. The electrons interact with atoms in the sample, producing various signals that contain information about the surface topography and composition of the sample.

  9. Electron microscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_microscope

    Electron microscope. An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of electrons as a source of illumination. They use electron optics that are analogous to the glass lenses of an optical light microscope to control the electron beam, for instance focusing them to produce magnified images or electron diffraction patterns.

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