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  2. Orders of magnitude (time) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(time)

    Orders of magnitude (time) An order of magnitude of time is usually a decimal prefix or decimal order-of-magnitude quantity together with a base unit of time, like a microsecond or a million years. In some cases, the order of magnitude may be implied (usually 1), like a "second" or "year". In other cases, the quantity name implies the base unit ...

  3. Piping and instrumentation diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_instrumentation...

    A piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is defined as follows: A diagram which shows the interconnection of process equipment and the instrumentation used to control the process. In the process industry, a standard set of symbols is used to prepare drawings of processes. The instrument symbols used in these drawings are generally based on ...

  4. Control loop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_loop

    The control action is the switching on or off of the boiler. The process variable is the building temperature. This controller operates the heating system for a constant time regardless of the temperature of the building. In a closed-loop control system, the control action from the controller is dependent on the desired and actual process variable.

  5. Pomodoro Technique - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomodoro_Technique

    Pomodoro Technique. A pomodoro kitchen timer. The Pomodoro Technique is a time management method developed by Francesco Cirillo in the late 1980s. [1] It uses a kitchen timer to break work into intervals, typically 25 minutes in length, separated by short breaks. Each interval is known as a pomodoro, from the Italian word for tomato, after the ...

  6. Characteristic impedance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic_impedance

    The characteristic impedance of an infinite transmission line at a given angular frequency is the ratio of the voltage and current of a pure sinusoidal wave of the same frequency travelling along the line. This relation is also the case for finite transmission lines until the wave reaches the end of the line. Generally, a wave is reflected back ...

  7. Standard score - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_score

    Comparison of the various grading methods in a normal distribution, including: standard deviations, cumulative percentages, percentile equivalents, z-scores, T-scores. In statistics, the standard score is the number of standard deviations by which the value of a raw score (i.e., an observed value or data point) is above or below the mean value of what is being observed or measured.

  8. Time-variant system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-variant_system

    A time-variant system is a system whose output response depends on moment of observation as well as moment of input signal application. [1] In other words, a time delay or time advance of input not only shifts the output signal in time but also changes other parameters and behavior. Time variant systems respond differently to the same input at ...

  9. Time-invariant system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-invariant_system

    In control theory, a time-invariant ( TI) system has a time-dependent system function that is not a direct function of time. Such systems are regarded as a class of systems in the field of system analysis. The time-dependent system function is a function of the time-dependent input function. If this function depends only indirectly on the time ...