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When the task is to find the solution that is the best under some criterion, this is an optimization problem. Solving an optimization problem is generally not referred to as "equation solving", as, generally, solving methods start from a particular solution for finding a better solution, and repeating the process until finding eventually the ...
The word "catenary" is derived from the Latin word catēna, which means "chain". The English word "catenary" is usually attributed to Thomas Jefferson, [9] [10] who wrote in a letter to Thomas Paine on the construction of an arch for a bridge: I have lately received from Italy a treatise on the equilibrium of arches, by the Abbé Mascheroni. It ...
Diophantine problems have fewer equations than unknowns and involve finding integers that solve simultaneously all equations. As such systems of equations define algebraic curves , algebraic surfaces , or, more generally, algebraic sets , their study is a part of algebraic geometry that is called Diophantine geometry .
The word problem for an algebra is then to determine, given two expressions (words) involving the generators and operations, whether they represent the same element of the algebra modulo the identities. The word problems for groups and semigroups can be phrased as word problems for algebras. [1]
If an equation can be put into the form f(x) = x, and a solution x is an attractive fixed point of the function f, then one may begin with a point x 1 in the basin of attraction of x, and let x n+1 = f(x n) for n ≥ 1, and the sequence {x n} n ≥ 1 will converge to the solution x.
A differential equation of motion, usually identified as some physical law (for example, F = ma) and applying definitions of physical quantities, is used to set up an equation for the problem. [clarification needed] Solving the differential equation will lead to a general solution with arbitrary constants, the arbitrariness corresponding to a ...
A Fermi problem (or Fermi quiz, Fermi question, Fermi estimate), also known as a order-of-magnitude problem (or order-of-magnitude estimate, order estimation), is an estimation problem in physics or engineering education, designed to teach dimensional analysis or approximation of extreme scientific calculations.
The seven selected problems span a number of mathematical fields, namely algebraic geometry, arithmetic geometry, geometric topology, mathematical physics, number theory, partial differential equations, and theoretical computer science. Unlike Hilbert's problems, the problems selected by the Clay Institute were already renowned among ...