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Cut and fill is the process of constructing a railway, road or canal whereby the amount of material from cuts roughly matches the amount of fill needed to make nearby embankments. Learn about the history, environmental effects, and software products of cut and fill.
Cut and fill construction uses the spoils from cuts to fill in defiles to cost-effectively create relatively straight routes at steady grades. Cuts are used as alternatives to indirect routes, embankments, or viaducts. They also have the advantage of comparatively lower noise pollution than elevated or at-grade solutions.
Learn about earthworks, engineering works created through the processing of parts of the earth's surface, and excavation, the removal of soil or rock. Find out how earthwork software is used to calculate cut and fill volumes and optimize hauling costs.
Fluvial terraces are elongated terraces that flank the sides of floodplains and fluvial valleys. They form due to changes in the base level or volume of fluvial flow, and can be classified into fill, cut, nested, or strath terraces.
Grading is the work of ensuring a level base or slope for a construction or landscape project. Regrading is the process of raising or lowering the levels of land for various purposes, such as construction, transportation, or drainage.
Learn about the techniques and methods used to excavate hard minerals, such as metals and gems, from underground deposits. Find out how access, development, production, ventilation, and ground support are carried out in different types of mines.
A retaining wall is a structure that supports soil laterally on different levels on either side. Learn about the different types of retaining walls, such as gravity, cantilever, diaphragm, sheet pile and bored pile, and how they resist lateral earth pressure.
A canal is an artificial waterway or channel built for drainage or transport. Learn about the different types of canals, their construction, importance and examples from around the world.