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  2. Justification (epistemology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justification_(epistemology)

    Justification (also called epistemic justification) is the property of belief that qualifies it as knowledge rather than mere opinion. Epistemology is the study of reasons that someone holds a rationally admissible belief (although the term is also sometimes applied to other propositional attitudes such as doubt). [1]

  3. Epistemology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemology

    Epistemology ( / ɪˌpɪstəˈmɒlədʒi / ⓘ ih-PISS-tə-MOL-ə-jee; from Ancient Greek ἐπιστήμη (epistḗmē) 'knowledge', and -logy) is the branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge. Epistemologists study the nature, origin, and scope of knowledge, epistemic justification, the rationality of belief, and various related issues.

  4. Gettier problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettier_problem

    Gettier problem. The Gettier problem, in the field of epistemology, is a landmark philosophical problem concerning the understanding of descriptive knowledge. Attributed to American philosopher Edmund Gettier, Gettier-type counterexamples (called "Gettier-cases") challenge the long-held justified true belief (JTB) account of knowledge.

  5. Internalism and externalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internalism_and_externalism

    Internalism and externalism. Internalism and externalism are two opposite ways of integration of explaining various subjects in several areas of philosophy. These include human motivation, knowledge, justification, meaning, and truth. The distinction arises in many areas of debate with similar but distinct meanings.

  6. Coherentism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherentism

    The coherentist theory of justification, which may be interpreted as relating to either theory of coherent truth, characterizes epistemic justification as a property of a belief only if that belief is a member of a coherent set. What distinguishes coherentism from other theories of justification is that the set is the primary bearer of ...

  7. Reformed epistemology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformed_epistemology

    Reformed epistemology. Sixteenth-century portrait of John Calvin by an unknown artist. In the philosophy of religion, Reformed epistemology is a school of philosophical thought concerning the nature of knowledge ( epistemology) as it applies to religious beliefs. [1] The central proposition of Reformed epistemology is that beliefs can be ...

  8. Foundationalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundationalism

    Epistemology. Foundationalism concerns philosophical theories of knowledge resting upon non-inferential justified belief, or some secure foundation of certainty such as a conclusion inferred from a basis of sound premises. [1] The main rival of the foundationalist theory of justification is the coherence theory of justification, whereby a body ...

  9. Evidentialism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidentialism

    Evidentialism. Evidentialism is a thesis in epistemology which states that one is justified to believe something if and only if that person has evidence which supports said belief. [1] Evidentialism is, therefore, a thesis about which beliefs are justified and which are not. For philosophers Richard Feldman and Earl Conee, evidentialism is the ...

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