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Lagrange multiplier. In mathematical optimization, the method of Lagrange multipliers is a strategy for finding the local maxima and minima of a function subject to equation constraints (i.e., subject to the condition that one or more equations have to be satisfied exactly by the chosen values of the variables ). [1]
Lambert's problem. In celestial mechanics, Lambert's problem is concerned with the determination of an orbit from two position vectors and the time of flight, posed in the 18th century by Johann Heinrich Lambert and formally solved with mathematical proof by Joseph-Louis Lagrange. It has important applications in the areas of rendezvous ...
Matrix decomposition. In the mathematical discipline of linear algebra, a matrix decomposition or matrix factorization is a factorization of a matrix into a product of matrices. There are many different matrix decompositions; each finds use among a particular class of problems.
It is offered as an online service that answers factual queries by computing answers from externally sourced data. [4] [5] WolframAlpha was released on May 18, 2009, and is based on Wolfram's earlier product Wolfram Mathematica, a technical computing platform. [1] WolframAlpha gathers data from academic and commercial websites such as the CIA ...
Recurrence relation. In mathematics, a recurrence relation is an equation according to which the th term of a sequence of numbers is equal to some combination of the previous terms. Often, only previous terms of the sequence appear in the equation, for a parameter that is independent of ; this number is called the order of the relation.
Convergence definitions. Suppose that the sequence converges to the number . The sequence is said to converge with order to , and with a rate of convergence [3] of , if. (Definition 1) for some positive constant if , and if . [4] [5] It is not necessary, however, that be an integer.
The Bailey–Borwein–Plouffe formula (BBP) for calculating π was discovered in 1995 by Simon Plouffe. Using base 16 math, the formula can compute any particular digit of π —returning the hexadecimal value of the digit—without having to compute the intervening digits (digit extraction).
The Gaussian quadrature chooses more suitable points instead, so even a linear function approximates the function better (the black dashed line). As the integrand is the polynomial of degree 3 ( y(x) = 7x – 8x – 3x + 3 ), the 2-point Gaussian quadrature rule even returns an exact result.