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In 1989, C++ 2.0 was released, followed by the updated second edition of The C++ Programming Language in 1991. New features in 2.0 included multiple inheritance, abstract classes, static member functions, const member functions, and protected members. In 1990, The Annotated C++ Reference Manual was published. This work became the basis for the ...
Current status. Active. W3Schools is a freemium educational website for learning coding online. [1] [2] Initially released in 1998, it derives its name from the World Wide Web but is not affiliated with the W3 Consortium. [3] [4] W3Schools offers courses covering many aspects of web development. [5] W3Schools also publishes free HTML templates.
The C++ standard library is a collection of utilities that are shipped with C++ for use by any C++ programmer. It includes input and output, multi-threading, time, regular expressions, algorithms for common tasks, and less common ones (find, for_each, swap, etc.) and lists, maps and hash maps (and the equivalent for sets) and a class called vector that is a resizable array.
List comprehension. A list comprehension is a syntactic construct available in some programming languages for creating a list based on existing lists. It follows the form of the mathematical set-builder notation ( set comprehension) as distinct from the use of map and filter functions.
The C# programming language was designed by Anders Hejlsberg from Microsoft in 2000 and was later approved as an international standard by Ecma (ECMA-334) in 2002 and ISO / IEC (ISO/IEC 23270 and 20619 [c]) in 2003. Microsoft introduced C# along with .NET Framework and Visual Studio, both of which were closed-source.
C++ classes. A class in C++ is a user-defined type or data structure declared with any of the keywords class, struct or union (the first two are collectively referred to as non-union classes) that has data and functions (also called member variables and member functions) as its members whose access is governed by the three access specifiers ...
Rule of three. The rule of three (also known as the law of the big three or the big three) is a rule of thumb in C++ (prior to C++11) that claims that if a class defines any of the following then it should probably explicitly define all three: [1] destructor. copy constructor. copy assignment operator. These three functions are special member ...
Trailing return type. In computer programming, a subroutine (a.k.a. function) will often inform calling code about the result of its computation, by returning a value to that calling code. The data type of that value is called the function's return type . In the C++ programming language, a function must be declared.