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The number π ( / paɪ /; spelled out as " pi ") is a mathematical constant that is the ratio of a circle 's circumference to its diameter, approximately equal to 3.14159. The number π appears in many formulae across mathematics and physics.
Levenshtein distance. In information theory, linguistics, and computer science, the Levenshtein distance is a string metric for measuring the difference between two sequences. The Levenshtein distance between two words is the minimum number of single-character edits (insertions, deletions or substitutions) required to change one word into the ...
Subtraction from 2 N. The sum of a number and its ones' complement is an N-bit word with all 1 bits, which is (reading as an unsigned binary number) 2 N − 1. Then adding a number to its two's complement results in the N lowest bits set to 0 and the carry bit 1, where the latter has the weight (reading it as an unsigned binary number) of 2 N.
100 prisoners problem. Each prisoner has to find their own number in one of 100 drawers, but may open only 50 of the drawers. The 100 prisoners problem is a mathematical problem in probability theory and combinatorics. In this problem, 100 numbered prisoners must find their own numbers in one of 100 drawers in order to survive.
Abacus. An abacus ( pl.: abaci or abacuses ), also called a counting frame, is a hand -operated calculating tool which was used from ancient times in the ancient Near East, Europe, China, and Russia, until the adoption of the Arabic numeral system. [1] An abacus consists of a two-dimensional array of slidable beads (or similar objects).
In other words, a derangement is a permutation that has no fixed points . The number of derangements of a set of size n is known as the subfactorial of n or the n- th derangement number or n- th de Montmort number (after Pierre Remond de Montmort ). Notations for subfactorials in common use include ! n, Dn, dn, or n ¡.
e. Packing problems are a class of optimization problems in mathematics that involve attempting to pack objects together into containers. The goal is to either pack a single container as densely as possible or pack all objects using as few containers as possible. Many of these problems can be related to real-life packaging, storage and ...
(more unsolved problems in mathematics) Directed graph showing the orbits of small numbers under the Collatz map, skipping even numbers. The Collatz conjecture states that all paths eventually lead to 1. The Collatz conjecture [a] is one of the most famous unsolved problems in mathematics. The conjecture asks whether repeating two simple arithmetic operations will eventually transform every ...