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Definition. Like approximate entropy (ApEn), Sample entropy (SampEn) is a measure of complexity. But it does not include self-similar patterns as ApEn does. For a given embedding dimension, tolerance and number of data points, SampEn is the negative natural logarithm of the probability that if two sets of simultaneous data points of length have distance < then two sets of simultaneous data ...
Since the sample does not include all members of the population, statistics of the sample (often known as estimators), such as means and quartiles, generally differ from the statistics of the entire population (known as parameters).
In statistics, the jackknife (jackknife cross-validation) is a cross-validation technique and, therefore, a form of resampling . It is especially useful for bias and variance estimation. The jackknife pre-dates other common resampling methods such as the bootstrap. Given a sample of size , a jackknife estimator can be built by aggregating the ...
Operating systems did not exist in their modern and more complex forms until the early 1960s. Hardware features were added, that enabled use of runtime libraries, interrupts, and parallel processing. When personal computers became popular in the 1980s, operating systems were made for them similar in concept to those used on larger computers.
The Ural Mountains, running north to south through the country's west, are rich in mineral resources, and form the traditional boundary between Europe and Asia. The lowest point in Russia and Europe , is situated at the head of the Caspian Sea, where the Caspian Depression reaches some 29 metres (95.1 ft) below sea level.
In statistics, a sampling distribution or finite-sample distribution is the probability distribution of a given random-sample-based statistic.If an arbitrarily large number of samples, each involving multiple observations (data points), were separately used in order to compute one value of a statistic (such as, for example, the sample mean or sample variance) for each sample, then the sampling ...
Logrank test. The logrank test, or log-rank test, is a hypothesis test to compare the survival distributions of two samples. It is a nonparametric test and appropriate to use when the data are right skewed and censored (technically, the censoring must be non-informative). It is widely used in clinical trials to establish the efficacy of a new ...
For correlated random variables the sample variance needs to be computed according to the Markov chain central limit theorem. Independent and identically distributed random variables with random sample size. There are cases when a sample is taken without knowing, in advance, how many observations will be acceptable according to some criterion.