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In mathematics, a system of linear equations (or linear system) is a collection of one or more linear equations involving the same variables. [1] For example, is a system of three equations in the three variables x, y, z. A solution to a linear system is an assignment of values to the variables such that all the equations are simultaneously ...
Gauss–Seidel method. In numerical linear algebra, the Gauss–Seidel method, also known as the Liebmann method or the method of successive displacement, is an iterative method used to solve a system of linear equations. It is named after the German mathematicians Carl Friedrich Gauss and Philipp Ludwig von Seidel, and is similar to the Jacobi ...
Conjugate gradient, assuming exact arithmetic, converges in at most n steps, where n is the size of the matrix of the system (here n = 2). In mathematics, the conjugate gradient method is an algorithm for the numerical solution of particular systems of linear equations, namely those whose matrix is positive-semidefinite.
Successive over-relaxation. In numerical linear algebra, the method of successive over-relaxation ( SOR) is a variant of the Gauss–Seidel method for solving a linear system of equations, resulting in faster convergence. A similar method can be used for any slowly converging iterative process .
Cramer's rule. In linear algebra, Cramer's rule is an explicit formula for the solution of a system of linear equations with as many equations as unknowns, valid whenever the system has a unique solution. It expresses the solution in terms of the determinants of the (square) coefficient matrix and of matrices obtained from it by replacing one ...
Stiff equation. In mathematics, a stiff equation is a differential equation for which certain numerical methods for solving the equation are numerically unstable, unless the step size is taken to be extremely small. It has proven difficult to formulate a precise definition of stiffness, but the main idea is that the equation includes some terms ...
The cost of solving a system of linear equations is approximately floating-point operations if the matrix has size . This makes it twice as fast as algorithms based on QR decomposition , which costs about 4 3 n 3 {\textstyle {\frac {4}{3}}n^{3}} floating-point operations when Householder reflections are used.
In numerical mathematics, relaxation methods are iterative methods for solving systems of equations, including nonlinear systems. [1] Relaxation methods were developed for solving large sparse linear systems, which arose as finite-difference discretizations of differential equations. [2] [3] They are also used for the solution of linear ...