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Edmonds outlined six characteristics essential to effective schools, including: Strong administrative leadership. High expectations. An orderly atmosphere. Basic skills acquisition as the school’s primary purpose. Capacity to divert school energy and resources from other activities to advance the school’s basic purpose.
By comparing these schools with other successful or unsuccessful schools, Edmonds was able to identify characteristics which seemed essential to student success. In 1979, Edmonds published "Effective Schools for the Urban Poor", outlining the following characteristics of effective schools: Strong administrative leadership. High expectations.
Other effective schools researchers were also able to identify schools where children mastered the curriculum, regardless of family background, race or socio-economics. In 1991, Lezotte published Correlates of Effective Schools: The First and Second Generation, describing the "7 Correlates of Effective Schools" as: Instructional leadership.
Culturally relevant teaching is instruction that takes into account students' cultural differences. Making education culturally relevant is thought to improve academic achievement, but understandings of the construct have developed over time Key characteristics and principles define the term, and research has allowed for the development and sharing of guidelines and associated teaching practices.
Outcome-based education or outcomes-based education ( OBE) is an educational theory that bases each part of an educational system around goals (outcomes). By the end of the educational experience, each student should have achieved the goal. There is no single specified style of teaching or assessment in OBE; instead, classes, opportunities, and ...
Instructional leadership is generally defined as the management of curriculum and instruction by a school principal. This term appeared as a result of research associated with the effective school movement of the 1980s, which revealed that the key to running successful schools lies in the principals' role. However, the concept of instructional ...
Educator effectiveness is a method used in the K-12 school system that uses multiple measures of assessments including classroom observations, student work samples, assessment scores and teacher artifacts, to determine the impact a particular teacher has on student's learning outcomes. While schools have used teacher evaluation practices and ...
An effective education system must have a safe way to attract, recruit and retain outstanding educators. There has been a growing demand for teachers but the supply continues to diminish and many of them leave their profession. This development is a threat to the "academic and economic welfare of students".