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Computational thinking. Computational thinking ( CT) refers to the thought processes involved in formulating problems so their solutions can be represented as computational steps and algorithms. [1] In education, CT is a set of problem-solving methods that involve expressing problems and their solutions in ways that a computer could also ...
Operations research ( British English: operational research) (U.S. Air Force Specialty Code: Operations Analysis), often shortened to the initialism OR, is a discipline that deals with the development and application of analytical methods to improve decision-making. [1] The term management science is occasionally used as a synonym.
Problem solving is the process of achieving a goal by overcoming obstacles, a frequent part of most activities. Problems in need of solutions range from simple personal tasks (e.g. how to turn on an appliance) to complex issues in business and technical fields. The former is an example of simple problem solving (SPS) addressing one issue ...
Iterative method. In computational mathematics, an iterative method is a mathematical procedure that uses an initial value to generate a sequence of improving approximate solutions for a class of problems, in which the n -th approximation is derived from the previous ones. A specific implementation with termination criteria for a given ...
In English, TRIZ is typically rendered as the theory of inventive problem solving. [3] [4] TRIZ developed from a foundation of research into hundreds of thousands of inventions in many fields to produce an approach which defines patterns in inventive solutions and the characteristics of the problems these inventions have overcome. [5]
Constraint programming. Constraint programming (CP) [1] is a paradigm for solving combinatorial problems that draws on a wide range of techniques from artificial intelligence, computer science, and operations research. In constraint programming, users declaratively state the constraints on the feasible solutions for a set of decision variables.
Problem-based learning. A PBL group at Sydney Dental Hospital. Problem-based learning ( PBL) is a teaching method in which students learn about a subject through the experience of solving an open-ended problem found in trigger material. The PBL process does not focus on problem solving with a defined solution, but it allows for the development ...
Solver. A solver is a piece of mathematical software, possibly in the form of a stand-alone computer program or as a software library, that 'solves' a mathematical problem. A solver takes problem descriptions in some sort of generic form and calculates their solution. In a solver, the emphasis is on creating a program or library that can easily ...