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The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) is a test that is commercially available for smell identification to test the function of an individual's olfactory system . Known for its accuracy among smell identification tests it is considered to be one of the most reliable (r=.94) and trusted. [1]
Specific causes can include head injury, bacterial infection, or as a side effect of cancer treatment. Parosmia is a term used to describe health conditions that distort your sense of smell. If ...
Parkinson’s also causes hyposmia, which is a decreased sense of smell. According to a 2019 review, people with hyposmia are nearly four times more likely to develop PD than people who do not ...
One method used to diagnose parosmia is the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). "Sniffin' Sticks" are another diagnostic method. These techniques can help deduce whether a specific case of parosmia can be attributed to just one stimulating odor or if there is a group of odors that will elicit the displaced smell.
Pointwise mutual information. In statistics, probability theory and information theory, pointwise mutual information ( PMI ), [1] or point mutual information, is a measure of association. It compares the probability of two events occurring together to what this probability would be if the events were independent. [2]
If you have phantosmia, the odors can vary from smells that almost make you sick to really pleasant scents. But most people with phantosmia tend to detect bad smells. The odors have been described ...
The main symptoms often involve: Problems walking. Weak, stiff legs. Trouble with balance. Other common symptoms include: Speech or swallowing issues. Vision problems. Fatigue and pain. Bladder ...
allergies. sinus infections. irritation from smoking or poor air quality. nasal polyps. Other common causes of phantosmia include: upper respiratory infections. dental problems. migraines ...