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Viktor Borisovich Shklovsky [1] (Russian: Ви́ктор Бори́сович Шкло́вский, IPA: [ˈʂklofskʲɪj]; 24 January [ O.S. 12 January] 1893 – 6 December 1984) was a Russian and Soviet literary theorist, critic, writer, and pamphleteer. [2] He is one of the major figures associated with Russian formalism . Viktor Shklovsky's ...
ILR scale. The Interagency Language Roundtable scale is a set of descriptions of abilities to communicate in a language. It is the standard grading scale for language proficiency in the United States 's Federal-level service. It was originally developed by the Interagency Language Roundtable (ILR), which included representation by United States ...
ACTFL ( American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages) is an organization aiming to improve and expand the teaching and learning of all languages at all levels of instruction. ACTFL is an individual membership organization of more than 13,000 language educators and administrators from elementary through graduate education, as well as in ...
Alberta Advanced Education is responsible for the public funding of post-secondary institutions in the province, in addition to loans and grants for post-secondary students. [1] The ministry has existed in its current form since 2004. However, two other ministries with the same title existed from 1971–1975 and 1983–1992. [2]
The Advanced International Certificate of Education ( AICE) is an internationally used English language curriculum offered to students in the higher levels of secondary school intended to prepare them for an honours programme during tertiary education. The curriculum is overseen by Cambridge International Examinations which is a branch of ...
Language education – the process and practice of teaching a second or foreign language – is primarily a branch of applied linguistics, but can be an interdisciplinary field. [1] [2] There are four main learning categories for language education: communicative competencies, proficiencies, cross-cultural experiences, and multiple literacies.
Organizations. The American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) distinguishes between proficiency and performance. In part, ACTFL's definition of proficiency is derived from mandates issued by the U.S. government, declaring that a limited English proficient student is one who comes from a non-English background and "who has sufficient difficulty speaking, reading, writing, or ...
The Cambridge International General Certificate of Education: Advanced Level is recognized for entrance to universities across the globe including in the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, China, Japan, Russia, Singapore, Egypt, Jordan, South Africa, the Netherlands, France, Germany and Spain. [3]