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An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources, and provides common services for computer programs. Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time, mass storage, peripherals, and other ...
In computing, a shell is a computer program that exposes an operating system 's services to a human user or other programs. In general, operating system shells use either a command-line interface (CLI) or graphical user interface (GUI), depending on a computer's role and particular operation. It is named a shell because it is the outermost ...
Kernel (operating system) The kernel is a computer program at the core of a computer 's operating system and generally has complete control over everything in the system. The kernel is also responsible for preventing and mitigating conflicts between different processes. [1] It is the portion of the operating system code that is always resident ...
Operating system for Эльбрус-1 (Elbrus-1) and Эльбрус-2 – used for application, job control, system programming, [20] implemented in uЭль-76 (AL-76). Business Operating System (BOS) – developed to be ported across microcomputers. EOS – developed by ETA Systems for use in their ETA-10 line of supercomputers
Windows 11 is the latest major release of Microsoft 's Windows NT operating system, released on October 5, 2021. It succeeded Windows 10 (2015) and is available for free for any Windows 10 devices that meet the new Windows 11 system requirements. Windows 11 features major changes to the Windows shell influenced by the canceled Windows 10X ...
History of computing. more timelines ... Computer operating systems (OSes) provide a set of functions needed and used by most application programs on a computer, and the links needed to control and synchronize computer hardware. On the first computers, with no operating system, every program needed the full hardware specification to run ...
User space and kernel space. A modern computer operating system usually uses virtual memory to provide separate address spaces, or separate regions of a single address space, called user space and kernel space. [1][a] Primarily, this separation serves to provide memory protection and hardware protection from malicious or errant software behaviour.
Real-time operating system. A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system (OS) for real-time computing applications that processes data and events that have critically defined time constraints. An RTOS is distinct from a time-sharing operating system, such as Unix, which manages the sharing of system resources with a scheduler ...