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Definition. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke defines reading disability or dyslexia as follows: "Dyslexia is a brain-based type of learning disability that specifically impairs a person's ability to read. These individuals typically read at levels significantly lower than expected despite having normal intelligence.
Reading disorder is the most common learning disability. [62] Of all students with specific learning disabilities, 70–80% have deficits in reading. The term "Developmental Dyslexia" is often used as a synonym for reading disability; however, many researchers assert that there are different types of reading disabilities, of which dyslexia is ...
Dyslexia, previously known as word blindness, is a learning disability ('learning difficulty' in the UK [6]) that affects either reading or writing. [1][7] Different people are affected to different degrees. [3] Problems may include difficulties in spelling words, reading quickly, writing words, "sounding out" words in the head, pronouncing ...
Phonological dyslexia is a reading disability that is a form of alexia (acquired dyslexia), [1] resulting from brain injury, stroke, or progressive illness and that affects previously acquired reading abilities. The major distinguishing symptom of acquired phonological dyslexia is that a selective impairment of the ability to read pronounceable ...
The Simple View of Reading was originally described by Gough and Tunmer in 1986 [7] and modified by Hoover and Gough in 1990. [8] The Simple View suggests that the ultimate goal of reading comprehension, and in order to have good reading comprehension, one needs to have good decoding ability (e.g., ability to interpret the symbols) and good listening comprehension (e.g., one's ability to ...
Speech and language impairment are basic categories that might be drawn in issues of communication involve hearing, speech, language, and fluency. A speech impairment is characterized by difficulty in articulation of words. Examples include stuttering or problems producing particular sounds. Articulation refers to the sounds, syllables, and ...
Language-based learning disability. Language-based learning disabilities or LBLD are "heterogeneous" neurological differences that can affect skills such as listening, reasoning, speaking, reading, writing, and math calculations. [1] It is also associated with movement, coordination, and direct attention. LBLD is not usually identified until ...
Specific language impairment (SLI) is diagnosed when a child has delayed or disordered language development for no apparent reason. [4] Usually the first indication of SLI is that the child is later than usual in starting to speak and subsequently is delayed in putting words together to form sentences. Spoken language may be immature.