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This type of "creative accounting" can amount to fraud, and investigations are typically launched by government oversight agencies, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in the United States. Employees who commit accounting fraud at the request of their employers are subject to personal criminal prosecution. [4]
SAS 99 defines fraud as an intentional act that results in a material misstatement in financial statements. There are two types of fraud considered: misstatements arising from fraudulent financial reporting (e.g. falsification of accounting records) and misstatements arising from misappropriation of assets (e.g. theft of assets or fraudulent expenditures).
Forensic accounting, forensic accountancy or financial forensics is the specialty practice area of accounting that investigates whether firms engage in financial reporting misconduct, [1] or financial misconduct within the workplace by employees, officers or directors of the organization. [2] Forensic accountants apply a range of skills and ...
Elder – any of several types of fraud in which older people are frequently targeted, including economic abuse, § romance, § lottery, and sweepstakes. [ 10 ] Electoral, or election manipulation, voter fraud, vote rigging – illegal interference with the process of an election, either by increasing the vote share of a favored candidate ...
The fraud was uncovered in June 2002 when the company's internal audit unit led by unit vice president Cynthia Cooper discovered over $3.8 billion of fraudulent balance sheet entries. Eventually, WorldCom was forced to admit that it had overstated its assets by over $11 billion. At the time, it was the largest accounting fraud in American history.
Teeming and lading. Teeming and lading is a bookkeeping fraud also known as short banking, delayed accounting, and lapping. It involves the allocation of one customer 's payment to another customer's account to make the books balance, often to hide a shortfall or theft. Teeming & lading is a method by which a person who takes or handles ...
Accounting irregularity. An accounting irregularity is an entry or statement that does not conform to the normal laws, practises and rules of the accounting profession, having the deliberate intent to deceive or defraud. Accounting irregularities can consist of intentionally misstating amounts and other information in financial statements, or ...
Logo of Enron. The Enron scandal was an accounting scandal involving Enron Corporation, an American energy company based in Houston, Texas.When news of widespread fraud within the company became public in October 2001, the company filed for bankruptcy and its accounting firm, Arthur Andersen—then one of the five largest audit and accountancy partnerships in the world—was effectively dissolved.