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  2. Token Ring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Token_Ring

    Token Ring is a physical and data link layer computer networking technology used to build local area networks. It was introduced by IBM in 1984, and standardized in 1989 as IEEE 802.5. It uses a special three-byte frame called a token that is passed around a logical ring of workstations or servers.

  3. Network topology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology

    Network topology is the topological [4] structure of a network and may be depicted physically or logically. It is an application of graph theory [3] wherein communicating devices are modeled as nodes and the connections between the devices are modeled as links or lines between the nodes. Physical topology is the placement of the various ...

  4. Tokenization (data security) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokenization_(data_security)

    Tokenization, when applied to data security, is the process of substituting a sensitive data element with a non-sensitive equivalent, referred to as a token, that has no intrinsic or exploitable meaning or value. The token is a reference (i.e. identifier) that maps back to the sensitive data through a tokenization system.

  5. Token passing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Token_passing

    Token passing. On a local area network, token passing is a channel access method where a packet called a token is passed between nodes to authorize that node to communicate. [1][2][3] In contrast to polling access methods, there is no pre-defined "master" node. [4] The most well-known examples are IBM Token Ring and ARCNET, but there were a ...

  6. Computer network - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network

    Token ring networks, and the Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), made use of such a topology. Mesh network: each node is connected to an arbitrary number of neighbors in such a way that there is at least one traversal from any node to any other. Fully connected network: each node is connected to every other node in the network.

  7. Computational topology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_topology

    Algorithmic topology, or computational topology, is a subfield of topology with an overlap with areas of computer science, in particular, computational geometry and computational complexity theory. A primary concern of algorithmic topology, as its name suggests, is to develop efficient algorithms for solving problems that arise naturally in ...

  8. Topological module - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological_module

    An abelian topological group can be considered as a topological module over where is the ring of integers with the discrete topology . A topological ring is a topological module over each of its subrings . A more complicated example is the - adic topology on a ring and its modules. Let be an ideal of a ring The sets of the form for all and all ...

  9. Topological ring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological_ring

    Topological ring. In mathematics, a topological ring is a ring that is also a topological space such that both the addition and the multiplication are continuous as maps: [1] where carries the product topology. That means is an additive topological group and a multiplicative topological semigroup. Topological rings are fundamentally related to ...